Ce blog a pour objet de donner vie au projet "mater face B", troisième volet de la plateforme pro territoires2demain. Il constitue le lieu de mise à disposition d'informations qui interrogent les formes possibles des territoires de demain. En milieu urbain, plus rural ou périurbain, de la grande à la petite échelle, de nombreuses questions se posent : quelle forme urbaine, quelle forme architecturale, quel modèle social pour vivre ensemble, quels principes de solidarité et d'action collective, quel rapport à la nature, au patrimoine, quelle place pour la culture, quelles pratiques sociales pour quelles représentations ? Bref, quels territoires dessinons-nous ? Quels territoires voulons-nous ? La diversité des sujets est voulue. Chacun peut se prononcer sur les problématiques qu'ils soulèvent. En complément, le blog horizons urbains offre un regard diachronique sur le recours à l'imaginaire dans la pensée de la ville.
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Los Angeles. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Los Angeles. Afficher tous les articles

mardi 6 mai 2008

Los Angeles à l'heure écolo ?


"Context of the City which stimulated the founding of the Los Angeles Eco-Village

Los Angeles is a city in pain, a microcosm of the world. The economic dynamo that runs the city, and the world, is exploitative. Designed to extract value from people and resources for the benefit of relatively few, it leaves in its wake impoverished people, depleted resources, and a degraded environment. The creation of a holistic new economics--what futurist Robert Theobald called a "person- and ecology-centered development process"--here, in Los Angeles, can provide those of us who are making lifelong commitments to social and ecological change, something to look forward to in our old age.

Los Angeles is known for its congestion, smog, concrete, freeways, runaway development, crime, alienation, homelessness, pop culture, high cost of land and housing, and many other more or less awful qualities. In his Los Angeles: A History of the Future, urban ecologist Paul Glover wrote "L.A. is an army camped far from its sources of supply, using distant resources faster than nature renews them... Our region today is so dependent, so uninhabitable, yet so inhabited, that it must transform or die. Sooner or later it must generate its own food, fuel, water, wood and ores. It must use these at the rate that nature provides them. It can..."

Los Angeles is also known for its cultural diversity, entrepreneurial spirit, arts, media and entertainment industry, academic institutions, innovation in lifestyles and social experimentation, search for consciousness, social activism and community organizations, political and economic diversity, mild climate, ecological diversity, and many other more or less wonderful qualities, depending on one's perspective.

Many conscious and ecological people exploit our city no less than those whose purposes they view as the most crass and materialistic. They use L.A. to make friends, expand networks, get an education, make lots of money--then leave for more ecologically conscious, "safer" communities when they've put enough money away to make the move. L.A. suffers from an ecological brain-drain. Some, aware of the history of Los Angeles, believe we're a city that never should have been created in the first place--an accident of individual and corporate greed that repeatedly raped a delicate ecosystem. They believe that our city will surely and deservedly fall in some upcoming catastrophe, be it war, economic collapse, riot, earthquake or tidal wave.

Others among us feel that we must work for transformation wherever we are and with whatever we have to work with. We want to reinvent the way we live in our city. We want to develop a culture where rewards come from a healthy and spontaneous spirit and practice of cooperation. We are people of hope with a desire to heal the wounds in ourselves, one another and the great planet we share. Our cities beg for this healing energy. In his address at the First International Ecological Cities Conference in Berkeley, Australian architect and professor Paul Downtown stated "the purpose of all cities until now has been to develop their economy; the purpose of an ecological city is to develop the ecology....And to the cynics who still measure things against the bottom line, the answer is very simple: no ecology, no economy. No planet, no profit."

So with this context in mind, the nonprofit organization, CRSP, founded in 1980 by Lois Arkin as a resource center for small ecological and cooperative communities, began planning the Los Angeles Eco-Village demonstration. In the early 90s, in the aftermath of one of the city's worst tragedies--the Los Angeles uprisings-- the demonstration started. It continues to serve as a beacon of hope for many".

lundi 7 avril 2008

Processus urbain postmoderne : des enseignements possibles


"L’évolution de la « ville mondialisée » (la Citystat de Dear et Flusty) illustre la profonde modification de l’espace géographique, et le modèle de Los Angeles est proposé pour remplacer l’ancien modèle de Chicago. La structure en anneaux concentriques de l’École de Chicago était essentiellement « une conception de la ville comme une extension organique autour d’un noyau central organisateur ». À sa place, l’École de Los Angeles identifie un processus urbain postmoderne, « dans lequel la périphérie organise le centre dans le contexte de la mondialisation capitaliste ». La forme urbaine classique, du type Chicago, est remplacée par un collage discontinu de paysages parcellisés, orientés vers la consommation, et privés de centralité, bien que reliés par la proximité électronique, et théoriquement unifiés « par la mythologie des autoroutes de la désinformation ». L’agrégat urbain qui en résulte est caractérisé par une fragmentation et une spécialisation aiguës : « la ville patchwork semble être devenue au xxie siècle le véritable successeur de la ville en anneaux circulaires des débuts du xxe siècle » (Dear et Flusty)"